Abstraction in India has been an ancient process, rooted deeply in spiritual sensibilities. Buddhist, Jain and Vedic Hindu practices resorted widely to abstract depictions of complex ideas. Geometrical patterns and illustrations are prevalent in Hindu religious practices and manuscripts, while Jain and Buddhist texts are replete with mandalas and geometric drawings. Calligraphy and minimalist ideas also filtered into the mainstream art practice of India through interface with Mughal and Far Eastern art.